Boreham 1848 Whites directory
BOREHAM, a scattered village on and near the Colchester road, and the Eastern Counties Railway, from 3 to 4 miles N.E. of Clelmsford, and 5 miles S.W. of Witham, has in its parish 1,054 souls, and 3,740 acres of land, including 162A. of wood, and 40A. of waste. The soil is various, but generally very fertile, and the surface picturesquely undulated. The Chelmer bounds the parish on the south, and receives here a tributary stream from the woodlands, near New Hall. The parish was formerly divided into six manors, viz.:-Old Hall, New Hall, Brent Hall, Porter’s, Culverts, and Walkefares ; but the soil is freehold, and most of it belongs to Sir John Tyssen Tyrell, Bart. , one ofthe parliamentary representatives of the Northern Division ofEssex,
who resides at BOREHAM House, a large and handsome white brick mansion, originally built by Benj. Hoare, Esq. , about 1730, and em- bellished with fine marbles, and other materials taken from New Hall.
It is approached by an avenue of stately trees, between which,there is a fine sheet of water. The centre is in the Vanbrugh style of architecture, and the wings are light, and terminated by arches, flanked by columns. The principal apartments are of large dimensions, and fitted up with much taste. The park is rich in sylvan beauties,
and commands fine views of the vale of the Chelmer. The Tyrell Family is descended from Sir WalterTyrell, who accidentally slew King Wm. Rufus, and held the manor of Langham, in Essex.
For fifteen generations after him, the head of the family was always knighted; and in 1673, Sir John Tyrell was created a baronet, but the title became extinct in 1766. The late Sir John Tyrell married the heiress of Wm. Tyssen, Esq. , of Waltham House, Herts, and was created aharonet in 1809. His son, the present worthy baronet, was born in 1795, and succeeded to the title and family estates, in 1832, since which year, he has sat in parliament for the North Division of Essex. He is colonel of the West Essex Militia, and married the eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Pilkington, Bart., of Chevet, Yorkshire. NEW HALL, a large ancient mansion on the north-west side of the parish , near Springfield , was so called to distinguish it from the ancient manor
house, which stood near the church. As some recompense for the services and sufferings of his family, in the cause of the House of Lancaster, Henry VII. granted New Hallto Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond, with a license to build walls and towers about it. It passed with one of his daughters, in marriage, to Sir William Boleyn. After Henry VIII. had married Lady Anne Boleyn, New Hall became a royal residence, and here the King kept the feast of St. George, in 1524. His daughter, the Princess Mary, resided
here several years, and added considerably to the extent and magnificence ofthe mansion. Queen Elizabeth granted it to the Earl of Sussex ; and it was sold with the mansion, in 1620, to the renowned George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, for £30,000. In 1650, it was seized by Parliament, and given to Oliver Cromwell, who exchanged it for Hampton Court ; but when Charles II . ascended the throne, it was restored to the second Duke of Buckingham, who sold it to General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, who lived
here in great splendour. The second Duke of Albemarle was governor of Jamaica, where he died in 1688, without issue. Benj . Hoare, Esq. , purchased the reversion of this and other estates, and in 1737, sold New Hall to John Olmius, Esq. , afterwards created Lord Waltham of Ireland. He took down a large portion of the mansion, and added several new offices .
There was formerly a splendid chapel belonging to the mansion, and when it was taken down, its beautiful stained glass window was removed to the church of St. Margaret, in Westminster, For many years, New Hall has been occupied as a NUNNERY, by a community of nuns, of the order of the Holy Sepulchre, who were driven from Leige, in Germany, during the French Revolution. Besides their religious occupations, the nuns are en- gaged in the education of about 50 young ladies of the Roman Catholic faith. Mrs. Blount is the reverend mother ; the Rev. Fras. Lythgoe, director of the nuns and scholars ; and the Rev. Fras. Brownbill, chaplain. New Hall originally consisted of two extensive quadrangles, but three sides of both of them were taken down many years ago, and some modern offices added to the wings of the principal or western front, which is in the Tudor style, and
has six large bay windows, in the first and second stories, with stone mullions, and is finished with a parapet, evidently of modern construction. The great hall is a magnificent apartment, 45 feet high, 20 long , and 50 broad ; and has been elegantly fitted up as a chapel for the nuns, scholars, and the Catholics of the neighbourhood. The altar-piece is a fine painting of the
Crucifixion, by Le Brun. Queen Elizabeth’s arms ornament the porch over the entrance ; and over a door in the eastern front, are the arms of Henry VIII. , finely executed in freestone. On the chapel ceiling, is a splendid display of stucco work, representing cherubim, supporting the ceiling, is a splendid display of stucco work, representing cherubim, supporting the chandeliers, with the arms of the Waltham family in the centre. The grounds attached to New Hall, comprise about 30 acres, mostly enclosed by awall, and approached through an iron gate, on the Chelmsford road, where anoble avenue of trees extends to the mansion. Amongthe trees are several fine cedars. The gardens occupy about eight acres, and a portion of the grounds are appropriated to the exclusive use of the nuns. The farm buildings, and the priests’ house, are at a distance from the hall, in the northern part of the grounds. The farm of Bull’s Lodge, (a corruption of Boleyn’s Lodge,) was formerly part of New Hall Park. The house is in the Tudor style, and is said to have been often visited by Anne Boleyn, before and after she was Queen.
Boreham CHURCH (St. Andrew, ) is an interesting structure, exhibiting every style ofarchitecture, from the Saxon of the ninth, to the perpendicular Gothic of the fifteenth century. Asquare embattled tower, containing six bells, rises between the nave and chancel. The latter is spacious , and on the south side of it is the Sussex chapel, built by Sir Thos. Ratcliffe, as a
burial place for his family. In the vault beneath, are 12 coffins, bearing various dates, from 1581 to 1643. In the chapel is a splendid monument, erected by Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, to perpetuate the memory of his noble relatives and himself. On the top are recumbent effigies in armour, of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Earls of Suffolk, of the Ratcliffe family ; the latter of whom was the founder of the chapel, and died in 1583. The inscriptions are in Latin, engraved in deep tables of black marble, with costly borders of Egyptian porphyry. After being manyyears in a ruinous state, Richard Hoare, Esq. , obtained a faculty to repair this chapel, and to use it as a burying place for his family. In the chancel are several mural tablets, belonging to the Bramston family; and in the churchyard is the handsome mausoleum of the Walthams, built in 1764, of stone and white brick, in imitation of the octagonal Temple of the Winds, atAthens. The last of the family who died at New Hall, was interred here. The rectory of Boreham was appropriated at an early period, to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, but is now held by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and let on lease to T. W. Bramston, Esq. The vicarage, valued in K. B. at £14. 3s. , and in 1831, at £432, was endowed with part of the great tithes in 1292. The Bishop is patron, and the Rev. Henry Brown, M.A., incum- bent. The tithes were commuted in 1841-the vicarial, for £440, and the rectorial, for £680 per annum. But these rents will vary with the average price of corn, every seven years. National Schools were built in the Tudor style, in 1847, for about 120 children.
CHARITIES. In 1716, Edmund Butler, Esq., vested in trust, an estate of 193A. to provide for the education and clothing ofpoor children, ofthe parishes ofBoreham and Little Baddow. This estate is now let for only £120 a year, being heavy poor land. It lies within a ring fence, in the parishes of Stow- Maries, Cold Norton, Woodham Ferrers, and Purleigh. In 1830, the trustees purchased two cottages at Little Baddow, now let for £11 ; and they have also £430 three and a halfper cent. stock, purchased with savings of income.
They pay £25 each to the schoolmasters of Boreham and Little Baddow, for the education of 50 poor children, (boys and girls,) of whom they provide clothing for 20 in each parish; supplying them with shoes and stockings yearly, and with clothes, hats and bonnets, every other year. Wm. Allen, T. Hodges, and others, were appointed trustees in 1811. For teaching six poorgirls, a schoolmistress in Boreham, has a yearly rent charge of £3, left by Robert Clough, in 1726, out of a house and 20A. of land, now belonging to Mr. Stubbings. In 1652, Wm. Ward left a yearly rent charge of £6 out of Culverts Farm, to be given in clothing to four poor widows, by the church- wardens, who also distribute among the poor parishioners, in bread, the divi- dends of £119. 11s. 8d. three per cent. Consois, purchased with £100 left by Lady Falkland, who, in 1776,left various sums to otherparishes, for charita- ble uses. Boreham parish sends two poor men to Tweedy’s Almshouses, at Stock.
BOREHAM.
Algar John, coal merchant
Blount Mrs. New Hall Nunnery
Brewster Miss Eliza
Brown Rev. Henry, M.A. Vicarage
Brownbill Rev. Fras. (Cath.) NewHall
Chapman William, parish clerk
Cliff William, wheelwright
Eve Charles, baker
Gilby John, saddier
Haselfoot Robert Clere, Esq.
Haselfoot Capt. William Henry
Holland John, tailor
Lythgoe Rev. Fras . (Cath.) New Hall
Moggridge Arthur, corn miller
Seabrook Wm. gent. Brent Hall
Seabrook Mrs. Hannah, butcher
Stubbings Susan, vict. Cock
Stubbings William, cattle dealer
Tyrell Sir John Tyssen, Bart. M.P. Boreham House
Webber Robt. Partridge, vict. Lion
FARMERS .
Argent John Thompson, Brick House
Brewster James, Birds
Buttle John & Edward, (& salesmen)
French James, Mount Maskells
French Robert, Bull’s Lodge
French Robert, jun. Duke’s Lodge
Gibling George, Boreham Hall
Hurrell William, Culverts
Ketley John, Wallace’s
Piggott James Algernon, Porters
Stubbings Charlotte, Stocks
Beer Houses.
Cliff William
Smith William
Blacksmiths.
Harriss John
Worsley Richard
Carpenters , &c.
Beardwell Thomas
Lucking Charles
Schools.
Cornell Eliz
New Hall Nunnery, Mrs.Blount
Oram My. Ann
Smith Robert
Shopkeepers.
Chapman Thos.
Smith William
Smith Edward
Stammers Wm.
POST OFFICE at Ann Shead’s.
Letters from Chelmsford daily